HUBBLE ATLAS
Astronomers use Hubble to measure the expansion rate of the Universe (Expansion, Universe) — image from the Hubble Space Telescope

Illustrations

Astronomers use Hubble to measure the expansion rate of the Universe

May 9, 1996 · ESA/Hubble · Expansion, Universe

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An open Universe expands forever because it does not contain enough mass, and so does not have enough gravity to slow down the expansion of space.

A closed universe contains enough mass to halt the expansion, and eventually collapses.

A universe with a 'critical density' of matter in space is exactly balanced between these two alternatives, and expands at an ever-slowing rate.