Astronomers Find One of the Youngest and Brightest Galaxies in the Early Universe

A massive cluster of yellowish galaxies is seemingly caught in a spider web of eerily distorted background galaxies in the left-hand image, taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard NASA's Hubble Space Telescope.

The gravity of the cluster's trillion stars acts as a cosmic "zoom lens," bending and magnifying the light of the galaxies located far behind it, a technique called gravitational lensing. The faraway galaxies appear in the Hubble image as arc-shaped objects around the cluster, named Abell 1689. The increased magnification allows astronomers to study remote galaxies in greater detail.

One galaxy is so far away, however, it does not show up in the visible-light image taken with ACS [top, right], because its light is stretched to invisible infrared wavelengths by the universe's expansion.

Astronomers used Hubble's Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) and NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope with its Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) – with help from the gravitational lensing cluster – to see the faraway galaxy.

The distant galaxy, dubbed A1689-zD1, appears as a grayish-white smudge in the close- up view taken with Hubble's NICMOS [center, right], and as a whitish blob in the Spitzer IRAC close-up view [bottom, right]. The galaxy is brimming with star birth. Hubble and Spitzer worked together to show that it is one of the youngest galaxies ever discovered. Astronomers estimate that the galaxy is 12.8 billion light-years away. Abell 1689 is 2.2 billion light-years away.

A1689-zD1 was born during the middle of the "dark ages," a period in the early universe when the first stars and galaxies were just beginning to burst to life. The dark ages lasted from about 400,000 to roughly a billion years after the Big Bang. Astronomers think that A1689-zD1 was one of the galaxies that helped end the dark ages.

The ACS images were taken in 2002, the NICMOS images in 2005 and 2007, and the Spitzer IRAC images in 2006.

About the colours

The color image of Abell 1689 is a composite of separate exposures made by the ACS instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope. Three filters were used to sample broad wavelength ranges. The color results from assigning different hues (colors) to each monochromatic image. In this case, the assigned colors are: Blue: F475W (g) Green: F625W (r) Red: F850LP (z)

About the data

The ACS data used in this study was from HST Proposal: 9289 . The NICMOS data used in this study was from HST Proposal: 10150 and 10996 . The archival data used in this study was from Spitzer proposal 20439.

Science Team: L. Bradley (The Johns Hopkins University), R. Bouwens (University of California - Santa Cruz), H. Ford (The Johns Hopkins University), G. Illingworth (University of California - Santa Cruz), M. Jee (University of California - Davis), N. Benítez (Instituto de Matemáticas y Física Fundamental), T. Broadhurst (Tel Aviv University), M. Franx (Leiden Observatory), B. Frye (Dublin City University), L. Infante (Pontificia Universidad Católica), V. Motta (Universidad de Valparaíso), P. Rosati (European Southern Observatory), R. White (Space Telescope Science Institute), and W. Zheng (The Johns Hopkins University).